The Financial Intelligence Unit is, at national level, the entity that is competent to collect, centralise, collate and disseminate information relating to the prevention of the money laundering offence. It is a Central Department of the Criminal Police, created byDecree-Law No. 304, of 13 December 2002, and it started its activity in 2003.

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No que respeita a instituições vocacionadas no combate a corrupção, em Moçambique foi criado com base na Lei anti-corrupção o Gabinete Central de Combate a Corrupção (GCCC) . Trata-se de uma unidade orgânica que funciona dentro da Procuradoria Geral da República e subordinada ao Procurador-Geral da República, com competência para investigar os crimes de corrupção e Participação económica em negócio . Contudo, o gabinete acha-se desprovido da competência de acusar os crimes que investiga e instruí, o que até certo ponto esvazia a razão principal da sua existência e criação. Esta situação levou por algum tempo, e concretamente desde à altura da extinta Unidade Anti-Corrupção (UAC) , a que vários processos investigados e acusados ficassem a hibernar, pois, os tribunais se recusam a receber acusações deste gabinete e, justificam tal atitude com o argumento do mesmo estar desprovido do poder de acusar, entendendo que o titular da acusação por excelência é o M˚P˚. Esta posição é ainda informada por orientação de um acórdão do Tribunal Supremo datado de 2005. A questão a que nos referimos levantou acessos debates ao nível da imprensa e da classe académica.

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Since 2000., the Commission has encouraged every Candidate Country to establish or designate an operationally independent Anti-Fraud Co-ordination Service (AFCOS). These services should be responsible for the co-ordination of all legislative, administrative and operational aspects of the protection of the Communities financial interest and should be capable for co-operating with OLAF at an operational level. The existence of a specific service for the protection of the Communities financial interests in the country is an important element of the Commission’s strategy aimed at reinforcing the Candidate Countries institutional capacity for the protection of these interests. The designation of AFCOS has been included as a priority in the 2001 Accession Partnerships and the Accession Countries have committed themselves to this objective in their respective National Programmes for the Adoption of the acquis communautarie, as well as in their Negotiation Positions.

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Corruption is a global problem and despite the fact that it appears even in the high developed countries, it is still a major problem in developing countries or countries that go through the transitional process. Unless concrete activities are undertaken in due time, the corruption may become systemic and deeply entrenched in all spheres of society – public administration, judiciary system, police, customs authorities, local self-government, etc.

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The Malawi Anti-Corruption Bureau (the Bureau) was established under an Act of Parliament called the Corrupt Practices Act of 1995 (the Act). The Act was later amended in 2004. The Bureau is established to be the lead institution in the fight against corruption in Malawi. The mission of the Bureau is to prevent and reduce corrupt practices in Malawi and its vision is to eliminate corruption in all its forms in order to enhance the socio-economic well-being of all the people of Malawi.

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Generally there is no ACA in Germany because of the federalism. Each federal state has its own specialized department for preventing and fighting corruption with different hierarchical structures. However all important reports about corruption are sent to the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) and analyzed there. The state offices are informed directly by the BKA if information of relevance for them is received or if links are established. Also the BKA, Division SO (Serious and Organised Crime), is the central agency for the foreign contacts. KI 14 is part of the Institute of Law Enforcement Studies and Training of the Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office). This Institute is the leading research and advisory Institution for the German police.

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Corruption control has been top of the Singapore Government’s agenda since we attained self-government in 1959 and subsequently independence in 1965. It is a social necessity, inextricably tied to good governance, much less a virtue for its own sake. It supports the meritocratic ideal that we believe in and has strategic significance in our national development.

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The main goal of administrative investigations carried out by the Italian High Commissioner against corruption (HC) must be related to article 5 of the UNCAC, namely the prevention of phenomena of corruption or of bad practices which can give rise to corruption, rather than the disclosure of single cases of corruption and their prosecution.

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This paper briefly describes and portrays the new model of intelligence, which is being implemented now in STT, as well as explores the obstacles for adapting it. The new intelligence system will be fully implemented at the beginning of 2012.

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L’article 280 du Traité instituant la Communauté européenne oblige les Etats membres à collaborer à la défense des intérêts financiers de l’Union européenne. En Belgique, en vertu de la circulaire COL 2/2002 du Collège des Procureurs généraux, les faits de corruption et de fraudes commis au préjudice des intérêts financiers des Communautés européennes relèvent de la compétence de la Police fédérale. Cela notamment en raison du fait que les montants en jeu sont souvent très importants, que les modes opératoires utilisés font généralement appel à des montages financiers pouvant se révéler fort complexes et que ces fraudes communautaires peuvent souvent revêtir un caractère transfrontalier.

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The National Anticorruption Directorate (NAD) was set up in September 2002 following the ratification by Romania of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, adopted by the Council of Europe on 27 January 1999 in Strasbourg. Article 20 of this Convention stipulated the obligation for each signatory state to take the necessary measures according to the fundamental principles of its judicial system, with a view to setting up an independent organism specialized in fighting corruption with repression and criminal investigation attributions.

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Le Service central de prévention de la corruption (S.C.P.C.) est un service à composition interministérielle placé auprès du garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice ; il a été créé par la loi n° 93-122 du 29 janvier 1993 relative à la prévention de la corruption et à la transparence de la vie économique et des procédures publiques, dont les modalités d’application ont été fixées par le décret n° 93-232 du 22 février 1993.

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The topics which I want to address further more, are stipulated, managed and resolved in different manners in various countries. In this particular occasion, I will be focused on the problem that may arise due to not precisely clear anti-corruption legislation, which in fact currently exists in Macedonia.

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